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English to Portuguese: Enrofloxacin - Wikipedia Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English Enrofloxacin, sold under the brand name Baytril, among others, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of animals. It is a bactericidal agent.
The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication.
Enrofloxacin is partially deethylated by CYP450 into the active metabolite ciprofloxacin, which is also a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of enrofloxacin for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as the practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen. Enrofloxacin is available as a fixed-dose combination medication with silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of canine otitis externa. It is available as a generic medication.
Activity and susceptibility data
Enrofloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent from the class of the fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives. It has antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is effective against:
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Klebsiella
• Escherichia coli
• Enterobacter
• Campylobacter
• Shigella
• Salmonella
• Aeromonas
• Haemophilus
• Proteus
• Yersinia
• Serratia
• Vibrio
• Brucella
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Staphylococcus (including penicillinase-producing and methicillin-resistant strains)
• Mycoplasma
• Mycobacterium
Variable activity against:
• Streptococcus
Ineffective against:
• Anaerobes
The following data represent minimum inhibitory concentration ranges for a few medically significant bacterial pathogens:
• Escherichia coli - 0.022 - 0.03 µg/ml
• Staphylococcus aureus - 0.0925 - 64 µg/ml
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 0.05 µg/ml
Adverse effects/warnings
Enrofloxacin was banned for poultry use in the United States in 2005.
Overdosage/acute toxicity
It is unlikely that an acute overdose of either compound would result in symptoms more serious than either anorexia or vomiting, but the adverse effects noted above could occur. Dogs receiving 10 times the labeled dosage rate of enrofloxacin for at least 14 days developed only vomiting and anorexia. Death did occur in some dogs when fed 25 times the labeled rate for 11 days, however.
• Oral LD50: greater than 5000 mg/kg
• Dermal LD50: greater than 2000 mg/kg
• Inhalation LD50: greater than 3547 mg/m3 (4-hour exposure)
• Eye effects: irritant; reversible in less than 7 days. In cats, it can produce sudden onset blindness when administered by injection, as it is retinotoxic.
Degradation
The brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum striatum can degrade the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin using hydroxyl radicals.
Translation - Portuguese A Enrofloxacina, vendida sob a marca Baytril, entre outras, é um antibiótico do grupo das fluoroquinolonas usado para o tratamento de animais. É um agente bactericida.
A atividade bactericida da enrofloxacina é concentração dependente, com a morte celular de bactérias suscetíveis ocorrendo dentro de 20–30 minutos após a exposição. A enrofloxacina demonstrou um efeito pós-antibiótico significativo para bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas e é ativa nas fases estacionária e de crescimento da replicação bacteriana.
A enrofloxacina é parcialmente desetilada pelo CYP450 no metabólito ativo ciprofloxacina, que também é um antibiótico do grupo das fluoroquinolonas.
Em setembro de 2005, a FDA (agência federal de administração de medicamentos e alimentos dos Estados Unidos) excluiu a aprovação da enrofloxacina para uso em água para tratar criações de aves, uma vez que foi observado que a prática promovia a resistência da bactéria Campylobacter, um agente patogênico para os humanos, às fluoroquinolonas. A enrofloxacina está disponível na forma de associação com sulfadiazina de prata para o tratamento da otite externa canina. Está disponível como um medicamento genérico.
Dados de atividade e susceptibilidade
A enrofloxacina é um agente antibacteriano sintético da classe das fluorquinolonas derivadas do ácido carboxílico. Tem atividade antibacteriana contra um amplo espectro de bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas. Ela é eficaz contra:
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Klebsiella
• Escherichia coli
• Enterobacter
• Campylobacter
• Shigella
• Salmonella
• Aeromonas
• Haemophilus
• Proteus
• Yersinia
• Serratia
• Vibrio
• Brucella
• Chlamydia trachomatis
• Staphylococcus (incluindo cepas produtoras de penicilinase e resistentes à meticilina)
• Mycoplasma
• Mycobacterium
Atividade variável contra:
• Streptococcus
Ineficaz contra:
• Anaeróbias
Os seguintes dados representam faixas de concentração inibitória mínima para alguns patógenos bacterianos clinicamente significativos:
• Escherichia coli - 0,022 - 0,03 µg/ml
• Staphylococcus aureus - 0,0925 - 64 µg/ml
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 0,05 µg/ml
Efeitos adversos/advertências
A enrofloxacina foi proibida para uso em aves domésticas nos Estados Unidos em 2005.
Sobredose/toxicidade aguda
É improvável que uma overdose aguda de qualquer um dos componentes resulte em sintomas mais graves do que anorexia ou vômito, mas os efeitos adversos observados acima podem ocorrer. Cães que receberam 10 vezes a dose de bula de enrofloxacina por pelo menos 14 dias desenvolveram apenas vômitos e anorexia. No entanto, ocorreu a morte de alguns cães quando alimentados com 25 vezes a dose descrita em bula por 11 dias.
• DL50 oral: superior a 5000 mg/kg
• DL50 dérmica: superior a 2000 mg/kg
• DL50 inalatória: superior a 3547 mg/m3 (exposição de 4 horas)
• Efeitos oculares: irritação; reversível em menos de 7 dias. Em gatos, pode produzir cegueira de início súbito quando administrado por injeção, pois é retinotóxica.
Degradação
O fungo de podridão marrom Gloeophyllum striatum pode degradar a fluoroquinolona enrofloxacina usando radicais hidroxila.
English to Portuguese: Risk factors for upper urinary tract uroliths and ureteral obstruction in cats under referral veterinary care in the United Kingdom
Source text - English Risk factors for upper urinary tract uroliths and ureteral obstruction in cats under referral veterinary care in the United Kingdom
Rebecca F. Geddes, Lucy J. Davison, Jonathan Elliott, Harriet M. Syme, Dan G. O'Neill
First published: 01 March 2023
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16659
Abstract
Background
Cats presenting with upper urinary tract uroliths (UUTUs) and ureteral obstruction (“obstructive UUTU”) are typically younger than cats with idiopathic CKD that often have incidental nephroliths.
Hypothesis
Cats with upper urinary tract urolith have 2 clinical phenotypes; a more aggressive phenotype at risk of obstructive UUTU at a young age and a more benign phenotype in older cats, with reduced risk of obstructive UUTU.
Objectives
Identify risk factors for UUTU and for obstructive UUTU.
Animals
Eleven thousand four hundred thirty-one cats were referred for care over 10 years; 521 (4.6%) with UUTU.
Methods
Retrospective VetCompass observational cross-sectional study. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors for a diagnosis of UUTU vs no UUTU and additionally, obstructive UUTU vs nonobstructive UUTU.
Results
Risk factors for UUTU included female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.9; P
Translation - Portuguese Fatores de risco para urólitos do trato urinário superior e obstrução ureteral em gatos sob centros veterinários de encaminhamento no Reino Unido
Rebecca F. Geddes, Lucy J. Davison, Jonathan Elliott, Harriet M. Syme, Dan G. O'Neill
Primeira publicação: 01 de março de 2023
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16659
Resumo
Contexto
Os gatos que apresentam urólitos do trato urinário superior (UTUSs) e obstrução ureteral ("UTUS obstrutiva") são tipicamente mais jovens do que os gatos com DRC idiopática que muitas vezes têm nefrólitos ocasionais.
Hipótese
Gatos com urólitos do trato urinário superior apresentam 2 fenótipos clínicos; um fenótipo mais agressivo com risco de UTUS obstrutiva em idade jovem e um fenótipo mais benigno em gatos mais velhos, com risco reduzido de UTUS obstrutiva.
Objetivos
Identificar fatores de risco para UTUS e para UTUS obstrutiva.
Animais
Onze mil quatrocentos e trinta e um gatos foram encaminhados para atendimento ao longo de 10 anos; 521 (4,6%) com UTUS.
Métodos
Estudo transversal observacional retrospectivo VetCompass. Modelos de regressão logística multivariável foram realizados para identificar fatores de risco para um diagnóstico de UTUS vs sem UTUS e, adicionalmente, UTUS obstrutiva vs UTUS não obstrutiva.
Resultados
Os fatores de risco para UTUS incluíram sexo feminino (odds ratio [OR] 1,6, intervalo de confiança [IC] 1,3-1,9; P
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Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2023. Became a member: Oct 2023.
English (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations), verified)
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Professional working proficiency in English and Spanish.
Specialized in medical and pharmaceutical translations.
Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, Bachelor of Pharmacy and Master of Business Administration degree in Project Management.
Over 10 years of work experience with regulatory affairs for pharmaceutical, consumer goods and chemical companies (including multinational ones), especially in the animal health field.
Through the course of my career in regulatory affairs, I had the opportunity to work translating technical scientific documents from English and Spanish into Portuguese in order to write reports for regulatory submissions to Brazilian authorities.
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