This has got to be a typo; "catatronía" is not only unattested anywhere but doesn't make any sense etymologically. And I am sure that Rachel and Jim are right and that it should be "catacronías", not "catatonías". Catatonia doesn't fit the context at all, but since the sentence is about "juegos temporales", and we've already had "discronías", another "–cronía" word, referring to time, is very plausible.

As Jim says, "catachronie", though not exactly common, is a perfectly well established term in French. So although catacronía is unattested in Spanish, at least in Google, it has to be that, probably borrowed from French (or possibly Italian, where it's also found).

(All these points can be easily confirmed by Google searches.)

However, thinking about how to render the sentence as a whole, I think it would be much better to use adjectives than nouns for these terms. So instead of "dyschronies and catachronies", you would use "dyschronic and catachronic". In fact, although "catacronía" doesn't occur anywhere else in Spanish, "catacrónico" is found in a few places:
https://www.google.es/search?num=100&espv=210&es_sm=93&q="ca...

In English, similarly, "catachony/catachronies" is virtually non-existent, but "catachronic" is occasionally found, as in this master's thesis entitled "Time, Art and Resistance: Visual Art Programs in Prisons"; it also mentions "catachrony" (being "under time"), citing the American theorist Victor Gioscia:

"Gioscia (1971) describes the 'catachronic' individual as being in a mental prison, one for whom time weighs heavily, and who - not incidentally - has frequent recourse to narcotics in order to escape, momentarily, this condition. For the person suffering from catachrony, the 'epichronic' realm presents an attractive escape"
https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/5874/ubc_1997-01...

Gioscia uses the word several times in his Varieties of Temporal Experience, 1: Time Forms:
http://books.google.es/books?hl=es&id=PS4iAAAAMAAJ&focus=sea...

So I would suggest you put something like "dyschronic and catachronic temporal games" or "playing with time in a dyschronic and catachronic way". It would work better like that than with nouns, in my opinion.

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Note added at 13 hrs (2013-11-20 11:51:08 GMT)
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The alternative adjectival form "catachronistic" (contrasted with "anachronistic") is also found, as here:
http://www.utexas.edu/law/conferences/representingculture/Pa... (p. 15)

But "dyschronistic" is not used (or hardly ever), whereas "dyschronic" is reasonably common, generally in medical contexts. It would sound much better to use two terms of a similar form: "dyschronic and catachronic", rather than "dyschronic and catachronistic".