This question was closed without grading. Reason: Answer found elsewhere
Oct 31, 2022 20:21
1 yr ago
14 viewers *
English term
Serbia
Experienced Sci/Tech translator
Native in: Serbian 
, Serbo-Croat (Variant: Serbian)
Works in: Serbo-Croat to English, English to Bosnian, English to Croatian, and 1 more.
fold-change
English to Serbian
Medical
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
exon skipping
Error bars represent mean ±6 SD. Number x denotes relative fold-change in percentage of exon skipping by PPMO#1 compared to PMO#1 at
each concentration. ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ indicate significant difference between PMO#1 and PPMO#1 with p-value < 0.05,
0.005, and 0.0005, respectively.
each concentration. ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ indicate significant difference between PMO#1 and PPMO#1 with p-value < 0.05,
0.005, and 0.0005, respectively.
Proposed translations
(Serbian)
| 4 | stepen/nivo/mera promene genske ekspresije |
Milan Nesic
|
Proposed translations
3 days 4 hrs
stepen/nivo/mera promene genske ekspresije
Izostavljena je bitna rečenica koja prethodi citiranom delu izvornog teksta, jer se pomenuta RT-PCR tehnika koristi upravo za merenje genske ekspresije.
"FIG. 19 provides a bar graph of the percentage of exon 45 skipping in healthy human myoblasts by PMO #1 and PPMO #1 at various concentrations 96 hours after treatment, as measured by RT-PCR."
Ima prilično referenci, pa se unapred izvinjavam, ako sajt to negde usput skrati/blokira zbog ograničenja.
"Since the invention of real-time PCR (qPCR), thousands of high-impact studies have been conducted and published using qPCR technique (Heid et al. 1996; Higuchi et al. 1993; VanGuilder, Vrana, and Freeman 2008).
...
IV. FOLD CHANGE IN QPCR
In every well, the qPCR experiment measures the expression intensity of a certain gene from a sample under specific biological conditions.
...
Comparing the normalized expression (∆Ct) of the two conditions it is possible to calculate the fold change of the expression of the miRNA (−∆∆Ct). The fold change is the expression ratio: if the fold change is positive it means that the gene is upregulated; if the fold change is negative it means it is downregulated (Livak and Schmittgen 2001)."
https://gene-quantification.de/integromics-qpcr-statistics-w...
"Gene Expression Level
...
Quantification of expression levels
To quantify the differences in gene expression levels, an expression ratio can be computed. This ratio can be either a simple ratio (e.g., disease/healthy), or a log-transformed ratio [e.g., log (disease/healthy)]. The advantage of the simple ratio is their intuitive understanding, although they treat up- and down-regulated transcripts differently (e.g., upregulation by a factor of 2: 2/1 = 2; downregulation by a factor of 2: 1/2 = 0.5)."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-a...
"Pri izboru adekvatnog referentnog gena, ispitivali smo stabilnost ekspresije gena za GAPDH (gliceraldehid-3-fosfat), ACTB (β-aktin), 18S (18S ribozomalna RNK), HPRT (hipoksantin-guanin-fosforibozil-transferaza) i TBP (TATA boks vezujući protein). Stabilnost ispitivanih referentnih gena je evaluirana korišćenjem ΔCt metoda, kao i upotrebom dva softvera NormFinder (129) i BestKeeper (130). [...] Rezultati su predstavljeni kao N-fold promene genske ekspresije normalizovane u odnosu na ekspresiju GAPDH."
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/id/77091/Disertacija_116...
"Promena u ekspresiji (fold change) u tumorskom tkivu u
odnosu na neizmenjeno tkivo od istog bolesnika je klasifikovana po sledećem
kriterijumu: fold change >1 kao „povećana”, fold change
"FIG. 19 provides a bar graph of the percentage of exon 45 skipping in healthy human myoblasts by PMO #1 and PPMO #1 at various concentrations 96 hours after treatment, as measured by RT-PCR."
Ima prilično referenci, pa se unapred izvinjavam, ako sajt to negde usput skrati/blokira zbog ograničenja.
"Since the invention of real-time PCR (qPCR), thousands of high-impact studies have been conducted and published using qPCR technique (Heid et al. 1996; Higuchi et al. 1993; VanGuilder, Vrana, and Freeman 2008).
...
IV. FOLD CHANGE IN QPCR
In every well, the qPCR experiment measures the expression intensity of a certain gene from a sample under specific biological conditions.
...
Comparing the normalized expression (∆Ct) of the two conditions it is possible to calculate the fold change of the expression of the miRNA (−∆∆Ct). The fold change is the expression ratio: if the fold change is positive it means that the gene is upregulated; if the fold change is negative it means it is downregulated (Livak and Schmittgen 2001)."
https://gene-quantification.de/integromics-qpcr-statistics-w...
"Gene Expression Level
...
Quantification of expression levels
To quantify the differences in gene expression levels, an expression ratio can be computed. This ratio can be either a simple ratio (e.g., disease/healthy), or a log-transformed ratio [e.g., log (disease/healthy)]. The advantage of the simple ratio is their intuitive understanding, although they treat up- and down-regulated transcripts differently (e.g., upregulation by a factor of 2: 2/1 = 2; downregulation by a factor of 2: 1/2 = 0.5)."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-a...
"Pri izboru adekvatnog referentnog gena, ispitivali smo stabilnost ekspresije gena za GAPDH (gliceraldehid-3-fosfat), ACTB (β-aktin), 18S (18S ribozomalna RNK), HPRT (hipoksantin-guanin-fosforibozil-transferaza) i TBP (TATA boks vezujući protein). Stabilnost ispitivanih referentnih gena je evaluirana korišćenjem ΔCt metoda, kao i upotrebom dva softvera NormFinder (129) i BestKeeper (130). [...] Rezultati su predstavljeni kao N-fold promene genske ekspresije normalizovane u odnosu na ekspresiju GAPDH."
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/id/77091/Disertacija_116...
"Promena u ekspresiji (fold change) u tumorskom tkivu u
odnosu na neizmenjeno tkivo od istog bolesnika je klasifikovana po sledećem
kriterijumu: fold change >1 kao „povećana”, fold change
Discussion
FC relativni nivo promene, engl. fold-change
Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes between an original and a subsequent measurement. It is defined as the ratio between the two quantities; for quantities A and B the fold change of B with respect to A is B/A. In other words, a change from 30 to 60 is defined as a fold-change of 2. This is also referred to as a "one fold increase". Similarly, a change from 30 to 15 is referred to as a "0.5-fold decrease". Fold change is often used when analysing multiple measurements of a biological system taken at different times as the change described by the ratio between the time points is easier to interpret than the difference.
Fold change is so called because it is common to describe an increase of multiple X as an "X-fold increase". As such, several dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary[1] and Merriam-Webster Dictionary,[2] as well as Collins's Dictionary of Mathematics, define "-fold" to mean "times", as in "2-fold" = "2 times" = "double". Likely because of this definition, many scientists use not only "fold", but also "fold change" to be synonymous with "times",