Glossary entry

French term or phrase:

n\'emporte pas novation de la créance sur l\'emprunteur

English translation:

does not operate to extinguish the borrower\'s obligation to pay the debt

Added to glossary by Elizabeth Kulikov
Aug 18, 2020 16:26
3 yrs ago
29 viewers *
French term

n'emporte pas novation de la créance sur l'emprunteur

French to English Bus/Financial Finance (general) Law: Contract(s)
I'm translating a basic loan contract French to English. Wanted some outside opinions on how to best render these phrases. Any help greatly appreciated. Here is the context:

le règlement des échéances, en principal et intérêts, ne constitue pas automatiquement paiment effectif si la provision est insuffisante et donc n'emporte pas novation de la créance sur l'emprunteur.
Change log

Aug 18, 2020 16:35: writeaway changed "Field (write-in)" from "(none)" to "Law: Contract(s)"

Discussion

AllegroTrans Aug 19, 2020:
@ Eliza Thanks for your comment. A debt becoming immediately due should one repayment be missed/if there are insifficient funds to meet a direct debit etc. is commonplace where I live. Many, if not most, loan agreements contain such a provision. In E&W, the lender has to follow a procedure (notice of default followed by notice of termination) in the case of consumer credit loans. Whilst I have not researched the precise procedure for France (which doesn't really matter) it seems to me that the principle is the same: miss a payment and we have the right to call in the whole loan and enforce the security (where there is one). Many times have I represented the creditor in the County Court and had the Judge meticulously examine the default notice to ensure that it is properly written, dated and served. Defective notice = no enforcement.

Proposed translations

3 hrs
Selected

does not operate to extinguish the borrower's obligation to pay the debt

FR: le règlement des échéances, en principal et intérêts, ne constitue pas automatiquement paiment effectif si la provision est insuffisante et donc n'emporte pas novation de la créance sur l'emprunteur.

EN: payment of amounts due, as principal and interest, does not automatically constitute effective payment if the amount paid is insufficient, and thus does not operate to extinguish the borrower's obligation to pay the debt.

In other words if your monthly bill is $1000 and you pay $995 that month, what you have paid is insufficient, so it doesn't count as having been paid. (Thus, presumably, even though your payment that month was only $5 short, your payment still counts as late because it wasn't paid in full; therefore they can still hit you with whatever penalties and late fees may apply.)

The novation bit just means that the debt for that month (which was $1000) is not extinguished by any insufficient payment. You're still on the hook for all nonpayment penalties, just as if you had paid $0 that month.

A few novation links: https://www.cabinetaci.com/la-novation/

https://www.village-justice.com/articles/novation,20239.html

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novation_en_droit_civil_frança...
Peer comment(s):

agree Yvonne Gallagher
18 hrs
Merci.
neutral AllegroTrans : I am wondering if this effectively means that once a full repayment is not met, the entire debt becomes repayable, which would be worded differently from your suggestion; the way you have worded this seems to be overly obvious// pls see my DBox comment
22 hrs
That's not something I've ever seen (being a bit short on one month's payment causing the whole debt to suddenly become due). Legal contracts often say things that seem obvious, to ensure disputes can't arise.
disagree Adrian MM. : You claim this isn't a true novation, then proceed to adopt the process in an answer that bears little relation to the source text.
23 hrs
It's not a novation in the EN sense (which is narrower than the FR sense). That's why you can't just translate "novation" as "novation."
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "All good options here. Thank you all so much for your help."
23 mins

does not compensate for the debt novation the borrower must repay.

Novation, in contract law and business law,[1] is the act of –

*replacing an obligation to perform with another obligation; or
*adding an obligation to perform; or
*replacing a party to an agreement with a new party.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novation novation
Peer comment(s):

neutral Eliza Hall : The 1st definition is the one at issue here (each month's debt obligation is extinguished by payment, and replaced with the obligation to make the next month's payment). But novation is a faux ami (EN: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/novation.asp)
2 hrs
I did not use 'novation' inappropriately
neutral AllegroTrans : "compensate for the debt novation" is not a term that I see as comprehensible
1 day 1 hr
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4 hrs

will not trigger roll-over of the claim against the Borrower

I agree this is not a true novation of contract, so there's really no point dwelling on the subject

si la provision est insuffisante > if the cover is insufficient, the loan claim does not keep rolling over 'sur' = against the borrower, but stops at that point.

A claim against the Borrower > amount receivable from the latter.
Example sentence:

Rollover restrictions Where a borrower cannot afford to pay back a loan many lenders offer the opportunity to ‘rollover’ or extend the loan.

Peer comment(s):

agree SafeTex : I think it's this (no new payment schedule)
3 hrs
Thanks, Safetex. It's odd how novation has been discounted as a false friend and then forced back into the previous answers.
disagree Eliza Hall : Claims aren't rolled over, loans are. See your own 2nd link or this one: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E86273_01/html/LS/LS08_Rollovr.ht...
19 hrs
My explanation clearly refers to a loan claim that is renewed. See the first ProZ ref. Best stick to your own (puzzling) answer.
neutral AllegroTrans : "roll-over of the claim" troubles me and I think it might trouble my local DJ
23 hrs
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1 day 2 hrs

does not/shall not prevent the borrower from immediately enforcing its security/collateral

The French use of "novation" is quite confusing and I admit right away that I have not attempted to untangle it.
Looking at this logically, and postulating what would actually happen if a repayment failed owing to insufficient funds, it seems to me that the lender would deem the whole loan plus interest to be repayable forhtwith and therefore able to enforce the security, e.g. take possession (enGB) foreclose (enUS) etc.




Bonjour,

Dans le cas où le Prêteur et l'Emprunteur sont en relation de compte, ils reconnaissent l'autonomie du contrat de prêt, et ils conviennent expressément d'exclure la créance issue du contrat de prêt de tout mécanisme de compensation qui pourrait être reconnu audit compte.

Cette clause fait référence aux notions de "compte de dépôts" et de "compte courant" et en particulier aux conséquences de cette distinction.

Schématiquement disons qu'un compte de dépôts fonctionne uniquement en soldes créditeurs dans la comptabilité de la banque; le client concerné n'est jamais en découvert.

Inversement un compte courant fonctionne tant en soldes créditeurs qu'en soldes débiteurs; le client concerné peut être en découvert.

Or, dans le compte courant, il existe un principe juridique suivant lequel chaque opération perd sa caractéristique propre; toutes les opérations sont fondues dans le solde.

Pour ce qui vous concerne, que votre compte soit un compte de dépôts ou un compte courant, cette clause signifie que par exception au principe ci-dessus, les écritures concernant votre crédit conserveront leurs caractéristiques; elles resteront individualisées et ne seront pas fondues dans le solde.

Si le prêt est mis à disposition sur le compte de l'emprunteur, cette disposition n'opère aucune novation de la créance du Prêteur, et n'affecte en aucune manière les suretés consenties à ce dernier en garantie du remboursement du prêt.

Le terme "novation" vient de "neuf/nouveau" c'est à dire, dans ce cas, remplacement d'une dette par une autre.

Si vous avez un crédit assorti d'une garantie hypothécaire par exemple et que vous procédiez à un remboursement anticipé au moyen d'un nouveau crédit, le crédit initial n'existe plus et la garantie hypothécaire non plus (***)
Il y a novation car l'ancien contrat/crédit est remplacé par un nouveau contrat/crédit et il serait nécessaire d'incrire un autre garantie hypothécaire.

(***) Cette garantie restera encore inscrite pendant 1 an mais, étant remboursée, la banque ne pourra plus l'utiliser.

Cette clause précise donc que même si votre prêt est crédité sur compte courant la dette ne change pas de nature; c'est la contrat initial qui s'applique ainsi que la garantie qui y est attachée.

Si une opération de prélèvement autorisée par l'emprunteur au titre du prêt a pour effet de faire apparaître un débit au solde du compte de l'emprunteur ce dernier autorise le Prêteur à contrepasser l'écriture de débit sans que cette opération emporte novation de la créance constatée au contrat de prêt.

Le prélèvement effectué conserve ses caractéristiques propres; il n'est pas fondu dans le solde.
S'il a pour conséquence de mettre le compte en découvert la banque peut le contrepasser (= l'annuler) sans que cela affecte/modifie le contrat/crédit initial ni les garanties qui y sont attachées.

Cdt

https://www.moneyvox.fr/forums/fil/condition-dabsence-de-nov...
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Reference comments

9 mins
Reference:

Novation

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/novation

I'm not sure what the sentence means, though.
Peer comments on this reference comment:

agree Adrian MM. : 'compare assignment and subrogation'
4 hrs
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3 hrs
Reference:

FR definition of novation

This source describes three different types of novation. The one happening here, in Elizabeth's text, is the first kind.

"La novation est envisagée aux articles 1271 à 1281 du Code civil.

C’est un mécanisme qui permet l’extinction totale d’une obligation et son remplacement par une nouvelle obligation.

L’obligation nouvelle trouve sa cause dans l’obligation primitive.

Ces deux opérations s’opèrent simultanément.

L’article 1271 du Code civil prévoit 3 procédés de réalisation de la novation:

le débiteur contracte une nouvelle dette qui se substitue à l’ancienne, laquelle s’éteint

– un nouveau débiteur se substitue à l’ancien, lequel est déchargé par le créancier

– par l’effet d’un nouvel engagement, un nouveau créancier se substitue à l’ancien et le débiteur est déchargé vis-è-vis de son créancier originaire"
https://www.cabinetaci.com/la-novation/
Peer comments on this reference comment:

agree Yvonne Gallagher
18 hrs
agree AllegroTrans : and the first one may effectively mean that the "new obligation" is "your entire loan debt plus interest is now due"
1 day 32 mins
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