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Stanzzylinder

Glossary entry

German term or phrase:

Vorbehalt

English translation:

preconception, misconception

Added to glossary by Susan Welsh
Jun 30, 2020 17:42
3 yrs ago
39 viewers *
German term

Vorbehalt

German to English Social Sciences Psychology myths in clinical psychology
The authors have devised a questionnaire to assess people's acceptance of myths (beliefs that are scientifically untenable) in the field of clinical psychology (such as that people with mental illness are violent).
Basierend auf der bisherigen Literatur sowie Erfahrungen der Autoren im Behandlungs-, Lehr- und postgradualen Ausbildungskontext (z.B. **Vorbehalte** von Patient_innen, Studierenden, Psycholog_innen in psychotherapeutischer Ausbildung) wurden insgesamt 27 Items entwickelt.

Vorbehalt here cannot be translated in the usual way as reservation, proviso, or caveat. I can't grasp the meaning.

Thanks in advance!
Proposed translations (English)
4 +5 preconception(s)
4 +2 concern
4 +1 misconception
4 +1 Bias
Votes to reclassify question as PRO/non-PRO:

Non-PRO (2): Chris Pr, robin25

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Discussion

Johanna Timm, PhD Jul 1, 2020:
"misconceptions" seems to be the term of choice - see especially the "Literatur" section here: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/507767
Susan Welsh (asker) Jul 1, 2020:
Vorurteil/Vorbehalt Info from a source who wishes to remain anonymous:

Meist werden Vorurteile als negativ eingestuft und empfunden (Vorbehalte), jedoch gibt es auch relativ positive Vorurteile (euphorische Zuneigung, Naivität, blindes Vertrauen). Vorurteile bilden sich demnach aus positiven oder negativen Erfahrungen, Erinnerungen, Enttäuschungen und emotionalen Schmerzen oder Glücksmomente.
https://www.wertesysteme.de/werte-glossar/vorurteile/

It's also listed as a synonym of Vorurteil in the DWDS: https://www.dwds.de/wb/Vorurteil

Vorurteil and Vorbehalt are sometimes (not always) used interchangeably:
https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/heute/studie-zu-willkommensku...
https://www.erf.de/themen/glaube/in-schubladen-gesteckt-voru...
Susan Welsh (asker) Jul 1, 2020:
Reservations are not misconceptions... or preconceptions or biases. These are two different ideas! The word used elsewhere in this article for "misconceptions" is "Fehlannahmen." I am not at all unclear about the meaning of these words in English, so links to English usage are not helpful. My problem is to understand how Vorbehalt could mean the same thing as Fehlannahme! However, Johanna's link https://www.derdiedaseasy.de/w/53/77437/vorbehalt/ was particularly helpful.// For example, this from SDZ: "Vorbehalte gegen das Impfen sind so alt wie das Impfen selbst." Does this mean people have reservations about vaccines (they are cautious, worried) or that they have misconceptions (which is much more negative, meaning they are against vaccines based on false beliefs?
Susan Welsh (asker) Jul 1, 2020:
@metranslations The sentence quoted by @metranslations uses "reservations" with reference to something that has been previously discussed (clearly, these people have reservations about whatever is being tested). In that sense, it is not a "standalone."
Ramey Rieger (X) Jul 1, 2020:
belief system Good morning Susan! Can we assume that 'Vorbehalte' here implies that what people believe (Glaubenssätze) is - from the author's point of view - false? In the sense of illusions? Or is it more neutral? I agree that reservations doesn't work here, as it implies a thought-process as opposed to a gut feeling. Principles, mindsets, predispositions are come to mind here.
metranslations Jun 30, 2020:
misconceptions / reservations Just one last comment: The American Society for Clinical investigation doesn't seem to have a problem using the word "reservations" as a "stand-alone" solution. It is clear from the context what they have reservations about. However, maybe it doesn't make any sense in your case - hard to say without any more text. Anyway, here's the sentence from the link I provided earlier:
"Apart from the likely reservations of patients and physicians, there are still many important questions that must be answered before this can be tested in a broader fashion."
Oh, and thank you, Johanna, for agreeing with my first translation. ;-)
Susan Welsh (asker) Jun 30, 2020:
@Johanna and Michael Thanks, very helpful!
Michael Martin, MA Jun 30, 2020:
Reservations about what? That's precisely the issue with 'reservations' It doesn't work as a standalone term, only if you add an explanation.
Johanna Timm, PhD Jun 30, 2020:
Vorbehalt I understand “Vorbehalt”, here, just as a synonym for "Vorurteil", i.e. “myths” or false assumptions /misconceptions that patients, students, psychologists fall for/subscribe to.
So wie hier:

Psychotherapie älterer Menschen: Vorbehalte in den Köpfen

https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/127248/Psychotherapie-aelt...
and:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257454695_A_test_of...
Susan Welsh (asker) Jun 30, 2020:
I still have reservations about "reservations" Here is my draft translation: "We developed a total of 27 items based on the previous literature and the authors' experience in treatment, teaching, and postgraduate training (e.g., the reservations of patients, students, and psychologists in psychotherapeutic training)." As you see, I used "reservations," but the sentence still makes no sense to me in English. Reservations about what?
Chris Pr Jun 30, 2020:
Hence the immediate vote... ...for distinctly 'non-pro'...!
metranslations Jun 30, 2020:
reservations Hi Susan, I might have been misled by your initial explanation. The more I think about it, the more I am convinced that "reservations of patients, etc." would be a perfectly acceptable translation. Check out the definition of "Vorbehalt" in Yogawiki (https://wiki.yoga-vidya.de/Vorbehalt), which reads: Vorbehalt kann auch bedeuten Bedenken, Gegenargumente, ungutes Gefühl: Ich habe Vorbehalte gegen dieses Vorgehen. Diese möchte ich kurz darlegen. Der Ausdruck Vorbehalt ist freundlicher als Gegnerschaft, Ablehnung.
I hope this helps. German can be a weird language... ;-)
Oh, and here's an example sentence where reservations of patients is used: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104783/
Susan Welsh (asker) Jun 30, 2020:
reservation/concern and misconception and bias I don't see how "reservation" makes sense. What do they have reservations or concerns about? The 27-item questionnaire is about things myths that many people believe (which are false)--i.e., they don't have reservations about these myths. "Misconception" makes more sense to me, but I don't see how you could derive that as a translation for "Vorbehalt." Same with "bias": it makes sense in English, but I don't see how it could be a translation of Vorbehalt.

Proposed translations

+5
41 mins
Selected

preconception(s)

I think the other solutions are on the right track but 'Vorbehalt' is a bit more neutral or euphemistic than 'bias' or 'misconception'

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2020-06-30 19:09:03 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Forget dictionaries. Here's your sentence..

"Based on prior research and the authors' experience from treatment, teaching and postgraduate training (e.g. preconceptions held by patients, students, and psychologists undergoing psychotherapeutic training) a total of 27 items were developed."
Note from asker:
Hi Michael, could you give me a sample sentence that uses "Vorbehalt" in this sense? It seems so different from the Duden definition and the concept of "reservation".
Peer comment(s):
agree Catriona C.
5 mins
Thank you, Catriona!
agree Eleanore Strauss : This is the only suggestion that actually works and is specific enough
10 mins
Thanks for your other comment, too, Elli. You made me give it another shot!
agree Andreea Sepi, MCIL (X)
12 hrs
agree TonyTK
13 hrs
agree Gordon Matthews : I agree with Eleanore that this is the best suggestion. I would be tempted to use "prejudice", except that the author chose to refer to "Vorbehalte" rather than "Vorurteile".
20 hrs
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thanks to everybody (especially to those who did not think this was a stupid question!). I'm using "preconception," because, as noted in Discussion, the authors used Fehlannahme elsewhere (misconception)."
+1
5 mins

misconception

misconception or false belief is what I think they mean here
Example sentence:

There are many misconceptions out there when it comes to mental issues

Reference:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/what-mentally-strong-people-dont-do/201511/the-5-most-common-misconceptions-about-mental

Peer comment(s):
agree Johanna Timm, PhD : Vorbehalt i.S. von vorgefasste Meinung https://www.derdiedaseasy.de/w/53/77437/vorbehalt/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15328023top0403...
3 hrs
Thank you, Johanna :-)
Something went wrong...
+2
9 mins

concern

Vor|be|halt
Beispiel
mit, unter, ohne Vorbehalt
Bedeutung INFO
Einschränkung; geltend gemachtes Bedenken gegen eine Sache [der man sonst im Ganzen zustimmt)
http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Vorbehalt

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 10 mins (2020-06-30 17:53:32 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

So it's a near synonym of "reservation", though I think "concern" is better.
Peer comment(s):
agree Michele Fauble : Yes, doubts, questions, ...
1 hr
agree Chris Pr : The only verifiable entry so far, as opposed to "forget dictionaries"...//Reservations, concerns, doubts and so on...To me, at least, patently obvious at the first glance...
2 hrs
Thanks. I actually think the two previous answers are wrong, even though they fit the context.
neutral Michael Martin, MA : Neither 'reservation' nor 'concern' express those lingering suspicions in phrases that start off with "Vorbehalte gegen". Again, dictionaries are often useless in capturing these nuances; it takes experience with the language.
9 hrs
Something went wrong...
+1
17 mins

Bias

A bias is a tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something or someone. Some biases are positive and helpful—like choosing to only eat foods that are considered healthy or staying away from someone who has knowingly caused harm. But biases are often based on stereotypes, rather than actual knowledge of an individual or circumstance. Whether positive or negative, such cognitive shortcuts can result in prejudgments that lead to rash decisions or discriminatory practices.
Example sentence:

A bias is a tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something or someone

Reference:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/basics/bias

Peer comment(s):
agree Klaus Beyer
1 day 1 hr
Something went wrong...
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