Portuguese term
Portugal
estado de perigo
See my other question, does this mean 'under duress'
https://jus.com.br/artigos/21572/defeitos-do-negocio-juridic...
| Hope this helps somehow |
Alcinda Marinho
|
Proposed translations
Portugal
The right voice for your business
Native in: Portuguese (Variant: European/Portugal)
Works in: English to Portuguese, French to Portuguese, Spanish to Portuguese, and 2 more.
unfair exploitation
I'm not sure, but I think this might be it.
"Estado de perigo" is a defect of consent:
"No estado de perigo, há temor de grave dano moral ou material à própria pessoa, ou a parente seu, que compele o declarante a concluir contrato, mediante prestação exorbitante. A pessoa natural premida pela necessidade de salvar-se a si própria, ou a familiar seu, de algum mal conhecido pelo outro contratante, vem a assumir obrigação demasiadamente onerosa."
Defects in Consent: Mistake, Fraud, Threats, Unfair Exploitation
The definition of these "defects of consent" varies according to each country's legal framework, as far as I can see, and there's some discussion around the subject, but here goes a possible definition of what this might include:
"3) At last, in some circumstances, a party is aware when concluding the contract that he should not do so there is no mistake as to the content of the contract. But at the same time, it is not possible for this party to refuse to enter into the contract because of a threat, or even because of the circumstances. This last category is the most difficult to name because of the various terminology used by different European legal systems.
UNIDROIT principles divide this category into two distinct defects of consent: threat (Art. 3.9) and gross disparity (Art. 3.10), which may for instance arise due to unfair advantage taken 'of another party's dependance, economic distress or urgent needs, or of its improvidence, ignorance, inexperience or lack or bargaining skill."
https://www.trans-lex.org/131800/_/fabre-magnan-muriel-defec...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/978019967...
https://books.google.pt/books?id=8MloAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA391&lpg=P...
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Note added at 58 mins (2018-09-15 16:56:10 GMT)
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Please check the links provided fo more info and to see if this makes sense to you. Hope I managed to help, somehow. If not, good luck with this!
http://https://paulobyron.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/469519985...
http://https://advocaciaaranega.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/587...
Brazil
32 years engineering/law/contracts
Native in: English (Variant: US) 
, Portuguese (Variant: Brazilian) 
Works in: English to Portuguese, Portuguese to English
potential risk of...
Brazil
Translator and Editor
Native in: English
Works in: Portuguese to English, Spanish to English, English
perilous situation
In continuation to your previous question "...without any fraudulent intent, consent or perilous situation that could potentially make the current dispositions null or void".
I think Mario has the gist of it, but is essentially skipping the "estado de perigo" part of the question.
All The Best,
Richard
United States
BA in Transl., MA in ESL, 15 yrs of exp.
Native in: Portuguese
Works in: English to Portuguese, Portuguese to English, Spanish to Portuguese, and 2 more.
riskiness; peril; state of danger
"O estado de perigo, é uma das modalidades de defeito no negócio jurídico, guarda características semelhantes ao estado de necessidade, que é uma causa de exclusão de ilicitude no Direito Penal. Configura-se estado de perigo quando alguém, assume obrigação excessivamente onerosa." https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_perigo
I'm unaware of an legal term for this in English. My suggestion is based on this definition:
"riskiness, peril - a state of danger involving risk"
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/danger
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Note added at 1 hr (2018-09-15 17:25:49 GMT)
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Note: The above definition is incomplete.
"Art.156. Configura-se o estado de perigo quando alguém, premido da necessidade de salvar-se, ou a pessoa de sua família, de grave dano conhecido pela outra parte, assume obrigação excessivamente onerosa."
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Note added at 1 hr (2018-09-15 17:36:26 GMT)
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Legal definition of peril:
The designated contingency, risk, or hazard against which an insured seeks to protect himself or herself when purchasing a policy of insurance.
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/peril
United States
Business, Legal & Financial Translation
Native in: English (Variant: US)
Works in: Portuguese to English
state of peril
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Note added at 3 hrs (2018-09-15 19:10:05 GMT)
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https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/peril
Brazil
Brazilian lawyer - 40+ years in Brazil
Native in: English (Variants: British, UK, Irish, US, Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, Scottish) , Portuguese (Variants: Brazilian, Mozambican, Angolan, European/Portugal)
Works in: Portuguese to English, English to Portuguese, English, and 1 more.
extreme need
"Art. 156. Configura-se o estado de perigo quando alguém, premido da necessidade de salvar-se, ou a pessoa de sua família, de grave dano conhecido pela outra parte, assume obrigação excessivamente onerosa."
The same article quotes GONÇALVES on the concept in a corporate or legal context:
"É, portanto, “a situação de extrema necessidade que conduz uma pessoa a celebrar negócio jurídico em que assume obrigação desproporcional e excessiva” (GONÇALVES, 2005, p. 392)."
In other words, when the company will sign just about anything to try to save itself. (I know, I've been there!) This would be a "defect of consent" that makes the contract annulable.
ocorre o estado de perigo quando o agente, diante de situação de grave perigo conhecido pela outra parte, emite declaração de vontade para salvar-se ou pessoa próxima, assumindo obrigação excessivamente onerosa.
A anulabilidade do negócio jurídico em razão do estado de perigo encontra fundamento na inexigibilidade de conduta diversa, ante a comparação dos dois males irremediáveis.
https://jus.com.br/artigos/21572/defeitos-do-negocio-juridico-da-lesao-e-do-estado-de-perigo
Reference comments
Portugal
The right voice for your business
Native in: Portuguese (Variant: European/Portugal)
Works in: English to Portuguese, French to Portuguese, Spanish to Portuguese, and 2 more.
Hope this helps somehow
https://paulobyron.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/469519985/dos-de...
Discussion
For the rest, maybe you should check what an "an excessive obligation" is/means in commercial law in the country you're translating the agreement for. Well, I've studied legal translation and at least that's I've learned...
IMHO, it wouldn't be a good trabslation - i.e., is its meaning clearly understandable for the reader? Does it clearly translate what "estado de perigo" means?
This "estado..." simply means the 1st party in the contract is taking advantage of distressful circumstances the 2nd party is associated with and that's why the 2nd party agrees to enter into a deal that's financially disadvantageous.
If you don't like any of the alternatives suggested, why not just translate it (and since this "estado de perigo" is also a defect of consent): "without xxx or defects of consent, including the exploitation of any distressful/extreme circumstances the 2nd party is associated with and that might have led him/her to conclude a disadvantageous deal"...?
Or call it "extremely disadvantageous/onerous", whatever..
For what it's worth the book in the link above translates Art. 156 A state of peril exists when ...assumes an excessively onerous obligation. Sole paragraph. If the state of peril concerns ...