Arabic to English Social Sciences Government / Politics Judicial work

Hello,

I'm wondering how we would understand صناعة الجلاد in this sentence about torture:

يكشف تحوّل الأمني العلني لمارق عن القانون عن كون صناعة الجلاد لم تكن بعيدة عن أعين جهات القرار

Do you understand it as "the manufacture of the torturer/jallad", such that the sentence says that the torturer was not created out of the sight of decision-making bodies?

Or do you understand it as "the torturer's craft", such that the sentence says that the torturer did not practice his handiwork (i.e. the torture) out of the sight of decision makers?