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Note added at 15 mins (2015-06-14 14:06:31 GMT)
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Invoice financing is where a third party agrees to buy your unpaid invoices for a fee. Invoice financiers can be independent, or part of a bank or financial institution.

There are 2 types of invoice financing in the UK.

‘Factoring’ - also known as ‘debt factoring’ - usually involves an invoice financier managing your sales ledger and collecting money owed by your customers themselves. This means your customers will know you’re using invoice finance.

Invoice discounting
With ‘invoice discounting’, the invoice financier won’t manage your sales ledger or collect debts on your behalf. Instead, they lend you money against your unpaid invoices - this is usually an agreed percentage of their total value. You’ll have to pay them a fee.
https://www.gov.uk/business-finance-explained/invoice-financ...

По-моему, по русски это называется так. Факторинг в общем смысле - это финансирование дебиторской задолженности. Конечно, в английском есть и отдельные термины: Invoice discounting и Invoice factoring, обозначающие различные виды факторинга, ср. Invoice Discounting is sometimes referred to as Discreet Factoring as it is essentially the same product as Factoring - the business gets cash from its sales invoices earlier than it otherwise would - but the key difference is that the credit control remains with the business owner