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Cartonization is the process of evaluating the contents of an order to determine the number and size of each shipping carton required for the order. Cartonization normally requires dimensional information (weight, height, length, and width) for each item.

Cartonization uses basic mathematics to determine the best way to pack a carton. Many existing systems use the fluid fill method. This method simply determines the cubic volume for the order by aggregating the cubic volume of each item (times the quantity ordered).

More advanced cartonization methods take into account:

The list of available cartons with known dimensions and maximum weight the carton can hold.
The ability of some items to be nested allowing the placement of one item partially inside of another to reduce the amount of space required.
The need for special packing and dunnage for items that can be damaged during the shipping process