Don't know what the equivalent is in English (if any exists), but I l ike the explanation found in Gyldendal for the synonym 'hjemstavnsret':

the right to public support in one's own parish
(I do family research, and this is what it means in the old church records... It will often be noted if a child is born outside the parish where the mother lives.)

alternatively:
right of citizenship (at a state level)