... would be the direct equivalent to the 3 items in your question. However:

JP Wikipedia offers a 5-stage equivalent as follows: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPA
Grade Point Average（グレード・ポイント・アベレージ）は、世界標準的な大学での学生の成績評価の方法である。欧米の大学で一般的に使われており、留学の際など学力を測りやすい。

各科目の五段階評価を、
* 優（90点～100点）はA - 4
* 良（80点～89点）あるいはB - 3
* 可（70点～79点）あるいはC - 2
* 準可（60点～69点）あるいはD - 1
* 不可（59点以下）あるいはF - 0

The EN Wikipedia offers the following explanation of the Japanese grading system:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPA#Japan
Japan
In Japan, the grading system depends on schools, however, many universities use following categories:

* yuu(優): A (90-100%)
* ryou(良): B (70-<90%)
* ka(可): C (60-<70%)
* fuka(不可): F (0-<60%)

Many Australia universities use the 5 grade system of
High Distinction (80~100%)
Distinction (70~79%)
Credit (60~69%)
Pass (50~59%)
Fail (<50%)

ご参考までに。

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Note added at 1 hr (2008-03-04 07:16:11 GMT)
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Please see the JP Wikipedia link posted above, where there is an extensive list titled "GPAを導入している日本の大学."
This would seem to indicate that many JP universities have adopted the 5-stage GPA system. Therefore, it may depend on the actual university as to which system is being used.
Perhaps you could check the MEXT website to see if there is any information there about "standard" systems.