negativos de segunda generación
English translation: second-generation negatives
| 14:16 Feb 20, 2019 |
| Spanish to English translations [PRO] Art/Literary - Photography/Imaging (& Graphic Arts) | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: philgoddard United States | ||||||
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| 4 +1 | internegatives |
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| 4 | second-generation negatives |
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Answers
11 mins confidence: 
second-generation negatives Explanation: It gets plenty of hits when I Google it. It means new negatives made from original ones. Prints made from the first generation negative (original) are second generation. If a negative is made from the first generation negative (original) that would be a second generation negative and any prints made from it would be third generation. https://www.photo.net/discuss/threads/how-do-you-count-the-g... |
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1 hr confidence: peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1internegatives Explanation: Phil is quite right that "second-generation negative" is a valid term. It occurs in respectable native sources. However, although of course it's the literal translation of the Spanish, I don't think it's actually the best term to use here. A second-generation negative is a negative made from the original negative. It's also called a duplicate negative. It can be done by printing a positive image from the original negative and then making the second-generation negative from that positive image (which is called an interpositive). There are also ways nowadays of making a negative directly from another negative without an interpositive. However, that's not exactly what's involved with these works by Grete Stern. There are photomontages, which means that she took two (or more) negatives, printed positives from them and combined the two paper positive images by literal cut-and-paste, making a collage. That's what photomontage means (in the pre-digital age). Now, if you want to exhibit the photomontage as an artwork, what you do is photograph the collage, giving you a single negative, and then print it as a single photographic image. This negative is "second-generation", in the sense that it's derived from printed positives derived in turn from original negatives and combined in a collage. "Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that a final image may appear as a seamless photographic print." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomontage But Grete's actually photomontages were for publication in magazines, and she simply gave the magazine the cut-and-pasted composite image, without rephotographing it. "Si nos atenemos a la descripción de la propia fotógrafa, el montaje era, sin duda, el mejor lenguaje para abordar este encargo que ascendería a casi 150 obras, publicadas desde el primer número de la revista Idilio, que saldría el 26 de octubre de 1948. De esas obras solo existen en al actualidad 45 negativos fotográficos realizados sobre los collages originales que la autora entregara a la revista. Ni la propia Stern ni la revista conservaron los originales –excepto un único ejemplar encontrado–, un fenómeno propio de trabajos que se hicieron sin un sentido de trascendencia ni durabilidad, sino como meras ilustraciones de un magazine de cuestionable fama para mujeres de clase media y empleadas con aspiraciones de ascenso social." http://www.circulobellasartes.com/revistaminerva/articulo.ph... So in 45 of 150 cases Grete did photograph the photomontage she delivered to the magazine, which printed them directly from the collage. This produced the 45 surviving negatives, which she made for herself, in order to preserve the works (the magazine didn't need negatives). But in the other 105 cases she didn't. That is what this is talking about: that's why it says that in two-thirds of cases there is no "negativo de segunda generación". So this term refers to a negative derived from photographing the original paper photomontage. And the term for that is an internegative. Internegative can be a film term, but it's also applied to still images. By analogy with interpositive (see above), it means a negative derived from photographing a positive. It's used for the negatives we're talking about. Here are a couple of examples from solid sources: "Paul Citroen joined the Bauhaus in 1922, and this Photomontage was exhibited in the school’s first exhibition, in July–September, 1923. The original Collage was constructed from two hundred images excised with a sharp blade from newspapers and postcards (of which Citroen was an avid collector) and meticulously pasted and arranged on a secondary support. [...] It is likely that Citroen created the photomontage’s essential internegative by photographing the collage on an easel or pinned to the wall" https://www.moma.org/interactives/objectphoto/objects/83984.... "Health Through Sport " : Reevaluating a Photomontage by Max Ernst" "Presumably, the combined image would have been used to create an internegative that was later used to create the final print." (p. 7) https://www.academia.edu/37630181/_Health_Through_Sport_Reev... "To createher photomontages, Dr. Adele Rowland, O.P. selects two positives, eachslightly overexposed, to make an internegative from which her images arethen processed." https://www.usfca.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/visual_invent... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2019-02-20 15:43:06 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- I meant to write "They are photomontages" in paragraph 3, instead of "There are photomontages". -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 4 hrs (2019-02-20 19:04:17 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- You could just put "negatives" if you don't want a technical term; it wouldn't be open to misunderstanding. But "second-generation negatives" really wouldn't be the right term here; the negatives in question are not "second-generation". I'm not sure whether "negativos de segunda generación" has been misused in Spanish; it's a very rare expression and I can't find a definition. |
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