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This question was closed without grading. Reason: Answer found elsewhere
Romanian to English translations [PRO] Medical - Psychology / Autistic child\'s psychological report
Romanian term or phrase:modalitati inferioare de cunoastere
Obviously I get the drift/gist here, but I cannot be specific because I do not fully understand what the pshychologist is implying:
".... imita activitati simple, modalitati inferioare de cunoastere (duce obiectele la gura), in timpul consultului - reactie heteroagresiva fata de mama (fara motivatie aparenta..."
But this is what the text is actually saying. The more we get to know, the more we gain knowledge, so I guess in a learning context, a child finds ways of getting to know things. But as the text says, this childs methods are very basic, whereas a non-retarded child will have more sophisticated ways of getting to know about things. Although this is what I see in the texts I have read, I have never studied this sort of thing but it seems obvious.
Thank you Claudia in a way. That is why I closed the question. However, in English we cannot say "ways of knowing" in this context.In fact Ways of Knowing does not rmake sense at all, unless you are talking on a more philosophical level, which is not relevant here. And even then it might still sound odd. Many child development articles that I found discussed how the child explores the world as a means of getting to know it, they called this "acquisition of knowledge", which is the same as trying to 'get to know something' (we cannot say "trying to know" something, we have to use "get to know something" or "gain knowledge on something". We cannot say 'Ways of Knowing"without adding a subject here or unless we are making a philosophical or poetic statement.
I understand "modalități de cunoaștere" as "ways of knowing" - as they appear in "The theory of knowledge". Ways of knowing: (sense perception, reason, emotion, faith, imagination, intuition, memory, and language).
If the psychologist had meant "cognition", they would have used that term. Knowledge is a general term that can apply to all human beings. A mentally retarded child will still have some knowledge, but obviously it will be learned in much smaller amounts. As you will see, this website on child learning does not use the "cognition" to explain learning in mentally retarded children. "The rate at which individuals with mental retardation acquire new KNOWLEDGE and skills is well below that of typically developing children." http://www.education.com/reference/article/characteristics-c... Just because the learning rate of these children is slower, and they possibly retain less information, it does not mean that they have no knowledge. What is more, this is precisely what the text is saying, i.e. that the methods used by this child to learn new knowledge are not the same as for a normal child, therefore the child will have a slower rate at acquiring knowledge. Even if the child acquires no knowledge, the sentence is discussing methods the child uses to learn this new information, it is not discussing cognition, which includes knowledge, but also other things.
Knowledge acquisition typically refers to the process of acquiring, processing, understanding, and recalling information through one of a number of methods. This is often a field of study closely tied to cognition, memory, and the way in which human beings are able to understand the world around them. While no single theory has been thoroughly proven or universally accepted, many theories regarding the acquisition of knowledge contain similarities that can be considered basic aspects of the process. Knowledge acquisition typically details how people experience new information, how that information is stored in the brain, and how that information can be recalled for later use.
In cognitive testing, or what is also called neuropsychological or neurocognitive testing, we ascribe virtually any activity of the brain to "cognition," with the exception of the things the brain does that regulate autonomic functions (heart beat, breathing, metabolism, sleep). So, we include activities of:
Attention, problem solving, planning, arithmetic, reading, memorizing, facial recognition, short-term/long-term/spatial/visual/auditory/working memory, inference, verbal or constructional fluency (how fast you can make stuff up), language, language comprehension, speech motor abilities, visual motor abilities, visual spatial abilities, motor activities, sensory perception, constructional abilities (drawing), organizing, decision making.
Other types of tasks are also "cognitive" but they are not necessarily evaluated clinically, such as musicality, artistic abilities, comprehension of humor and creating humor, color perception, athletic abilities.
As neuropsychologists we sometimes refer to qualities of those abilities as "cognitive" (although they really are just descriptors), such as "processing speed," or "information processing."
I beg you to reopen the answer and accept the solution of Emil. Knowledge acquisition could not be referred to a mentally retarded child. This boy has a very limited cognitions. It cannot be called a knowledge when you familiarize yourself with the objects putting them into the mouth. This is cognition.
I think "inferior" here has the meaning of "simple"/"ordinary"/"elementary"
Automatic update in 00:
Answers
2 hrs confidence: peer agreement (net): +2
rudimentary cognitive skills
Explanation: Source text is apparently about child development and how well(or not) explores the world. "Cunoastere" refers to cognitive abilities like learning, reacting based on those experiences, etc.
Emil Niculescu United States Local time: 11:23 Native speaker of: Romanian, English
Notes to answerer
Asker: Thank you. That is a good suggestion, but really the terms needs to contain the element of "modalitati". I need to use methods or similar word.
1 hr confidence:
obtaining knowledge on a low level/limited level (puts objects/items into the mouth)
Explanation: Very, very sad text. I am sorry for you, this is a very hard work. I remember my own night after some such expert opinions. I had a disabled child (born with moderate hydrocephalia)
This is how a 4-5 months old baby acts: putting objects into the mouth, experiencing the flavor, the form, the taste, the size.
Infant-Other Interaction
During the first several years of life the infant's relationship to others centers mostly on relationships with the mother (or a mother substitute) and involves having physiological needs met--most especially the need for food. Feeding is necessary to survival; but feeding is also an occasion for intimate contact with other persons as a part of the infant's exploration of the environment. Objects are experienced by putting them in the mouth, by sucking, by touching, eating, and biting.
Teaching young children - NAS www.autism.org.uk › Professionals › Teachers Teaching young children on the autism spectrum ... Autism is a lifelong disability that affects the way a person communicates and relates ... inappropriate eye contact; hypersensitivity to sound, light; spinning objects .... Research has shown that for young children with autism, sensory motor play (eg putting toys in the mouth) ...
Dyspraxia - Movement Difficulties in Children | Autism Article www.autism-programs.com/.../dyspraxia-movement-difficulties... Oldal lefordítása While many children with autism spectrum disorders show well-developed motor coordination ... Due to low muscle tone (hypotonia), they may have difficulty sitting without support. Others are more affected at the level of fine motor skills. ... Or he might bring things to his mouth repeatedly because he has this motor pattern.
Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Intellectual disability www.cyh.com › Home › Health Topics › Disabilities Children develop and learn at different rates and in different ways. ... to learn at a slower rate than other children of the same age into adulthood. ... and reach for objects; hold and shake a rattle; put everything in their mouths. ... about a child's degree of intellectual disability from mild, moderate to severe.
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 5 hrs (2016-08-21 18:48:09 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Cunoaşterea personalităţii – premisă şi rezultat ..... procesele şi funcţiile cognitive (selectivitate perceptivă. depinzând de anumite ... Poziţionarea celor două modalităţi funcţionale cerebrale în chiar contextul relaţionării ...... are justified as belonging to the disorganized influence of the cognitive immature function, .
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 5 hrs (2016-08-21 18:54:05 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
immature ways/attempts of knowing (acquiring knowledge)
Ways of knowing - theoryofknowledge.net www.theoryofknowledge.net/ways-of-knowing/ The TOK ways of knowing are how we acquire knowledge about the world around us, and figure out our relationship with it. TOK identifies 8 different ways of ...
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 5 hrs (2016-08-21 18:57:34 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
patterns of knowing/cognitive patterns ?
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 19 hrs (2016-08-22 08:19:54 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
pls see the further proposals (not for points)
Erzsébet Czopyk Hungary Local time: 20:23 Works in field Native speaker of: Hungarian PRO pts in category: 8
Notes to answerer
Asker: Thanks. But we cannot say "on a low level" in this context. You have to specify what the level is.
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