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13:11 Jun 11, 2016 |
Polish to English translations [PRO] Medical - Medical: Instruments | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. United States Local time: 04:36 | ||||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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3 | endoscope of Hippocrates |
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1 | speculum, specula |
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Discussion entries: 2 | |
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endoscope of Hippocrates Explanation: Propozycja Although endoscopy today is most frequently viewed as a physical instrument capable of allowing minimally invasive procedures, its precursor is just that, the concept of minimally invasiveness, a “new philosophy” for many early physicians5. One of the earliest was Hippocrates II from 460-375BCE2. Hippocrates was a devoted advocate of reducing the amount of surgical action taken due to mortality risk, a concept that went against the grain of his time since traditional open surgery was considered the “gold standard”5 (see figures 1 and 2 to compare open vs minimally invasive surgery) http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=35... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 27 mins (2016-06-11 13:38:56 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope, an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy cccccccccccccccccc The history concerning the origins of endoscopic precursors will always remain somewhat contested. In this case, Greek history is no exception. Though the other ancient surgical practices predating Hippocrates were thought to have informed Greek practitioners tremendously, generally Hippocrates is given credit as the first to have described an endoscopic technique applied to living patients. The passage describing Hippocrates’ endoscopic applications can be found in his great work The Art of Medicine, circa 400 BC. In excellent clinical detail, a clear method for examining the rectum using a speculum was found in On Hemorrhoids, Section 5, and is described as: http://laparoscopy.blogs.com/endoscopyhistory/chapter_02/ |
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speculum, specula Explanation: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=35... ------ The following display presents images and summaries of the known uses of each instrument. The extant comments of medical writers from antiquity–including Oribasius, Galen, Soranus, Aetius, and the Hippocratic corpus–have provided scholars with some clues about the use of some instruments. - http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/romansurgical/ ----- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculum_(medical) -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 50 mins (2016-06-11 14:02:15 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculum_(medical)# |
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