twórczość równoległa
English translation: independent creation
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| 17:08 Nov 8, 2019 |
| Polish to English translations [PRO] Law/Patents - Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. United States Local time: 08:11 | ||||||
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| 3 +4 | independent creation |
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| 3 | construed as output of pursuing conflicting interests |
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| Discussion entries: 2 | |
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Answers
32 mins confidence: 
construed as output of pursuing conflicting interests Explanation: source: Stanisławski J. Szercha, M. Sł. Podręczny pl-en or of activities that constitute an infringement of non-competition clause/rule |
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1 hr confidence: peer agreement (net): +4
peer agreement (net): +4independent creation Explanation: Independent creation Definition. Independent creation occurs when two people independently create the same or substantially similar work. Independent creation is a valid defense to a claim of copyright infringement. https://itlaw.wikia.org/wiki/Independent_creation cccccccc Twórczość równoległa Samodzielność powstania utworu to jedna z przesłanek udzielenia ochrony prawnoautorskiej. Konsekwencją istnienia tej przesłanki, jest możliwość istnienia oddzielnej ochrony prawnoautorskiej dla utworów, które są do siebie bardzo podobne, ale stworzone zostały niezależnie. Jeżeli więc np. dwóch twórców stworzyło niezależnie dwa podobne do siebie utwory, nie dość, że nie dochodzi do naruszenia praw autorskich, to utwory korzystają z niezależnej ochrony prawnoautorskiej. W doktrynie prawa autorskiego omawiana koncepcja zyskała miano - twórczości równoległej. Powołanie się na nią następuje zazwyczaj w sporze o naruszenie praw autorskich, gdy jeden twórca zarzuca drugiemu naruszenie jego praw. Oczywiście powołuje ją pozwany, broniąc się przed zarzutem naruszenia. Jak na razie nie ma wielu wyroków sądów polskich, które poruszałby tę problematykę, wydaje się, że będzie się to zmieniać. W wyroku Sądu Najwyższego I CR 128/61 czytamy: Podobieństwo rysunków w obu utworach jest następstwem zbliżonej koncepcji oznaczania nut kolorowymi figurkami i może być wynikiem tego, że autorzy obu prac mogli wzorować się na podobnych źródłach. http://ippractice.blogspot.com/2015/03/tworczosc-rownolega.h... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2019-11-08 18:32:05 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- cccccccccc Also independent parallel creation PARALLEL INDEPENDENT CREATION: IS IT POSSIBLE? Courts’ approaches to settlement of disputes on copyright infringement It is rather difficult to imagine a situation where two people, independently from each other, create similar works. However, practice has shown that it may happen. Thus, for example, it is possible that the works are based on the same ideas, which themselves are not protectable, but the form of their expression may become a copyrightable subject-matter that is granted legal protection by law. Authors may use the same means for the expression of their ideas, which results in creation of similar works. In such a case, a copyright conflict may arise, to resolve which the following questions are of importance: who has a priority right and whether there has been an adaptation. The issue whether the independent creation is possible, arises not only in resolution of disputes on copyright infringement. This issue was addressed by courts in the cases on recognition of the authorship of engineering solutions, as well. In particular, when considering case No. SIP-153/2015, the Intellectual Property Rights Court stated in its Decision dated July 12, 2016: «Based on the meaning of the provision stated in Article 1361 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the civil legislation does not exclude possible development of identical or equivalent engineering solutions simultaneously by several persons in the course of parallel creation. In this case, independent creation implies not only creation of identical or equivalent engineering solutions simultaneously by several persons in the course of parallel creation. In this case, independent creation implies not only creation of identical or equivalent engineering solutions during the same period of time. Such solutions may be created during different periods of time if the engineering solution, which had been created earlier, has not been disclosed, and the person that has created the analogous or identical engineering solution later has had no information on the technical results earlier achieved by another person in the relevant area». http://www.gorodissky.com/publications/newsletters/parallel-... |
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