English to Russian Medical Genetics

During mRNA splicing, precursor mRNAs are processed to remove introns while fusing exons together to create the mature transcript. This process can provide evolutionary means to diversify the proteome towards phenotypic novelty, as the choice of intron to be excluded, as well as the exons which are found in the mature transcript, can both be regulated based on the cell’s needs. An aspect of splicing evolution that has been extensively studied is gain and loss of introns, for which several molecular models have been proposed, mainly reverse transcription and recombination-mediated intron loss, intron transposition, and also exonization and intronization via mutations.